Samut Riam and Sihaknouk park

SAMUT RIAM 

The park of Sihaknouk province is has located in between the island and new ville ,it is located about 18 km from Sihaknoukville, the was opened 1993 , which has an areas of 21000 hectares ,but of which there are 15000 hectares is are dry-lands of the sea,and 6000  hectares are water surfaces of sea.

This national park has very beautiful of coastline and the road along the mountainous there are mangroves and many kind of birds, and there are lots of forests big trees and stones so. and beautiful beaches , such as sled of island and bamboo, as well as for accommodation and food services for boat travel as well.

The Riam sea is located about 30 kilometers from Sihaknouk-ville,and there are many services tourist as well as the beautiful of the beaches that unforgettable. in addition, there is a place for recreation and boat trip the island, such as Tarkeav island , Bamboo-island,  Ant-island and there are other lots of islands which have very beautiful.and has the beaches so attractively,and the tourists can see carols and should enjoy scenery as well. 

The Riam sea location is a place for train the army that live there to protect the national's territorial waters. currently, there are many troops who helped especially the young generation, the future to help protect the country's territory for khmer.

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HISTORY OF 100 COLUMNS PAGODA IN KRATIE CAMBODIA

1OO COLUMNS PAGODA 

The church pillars 100 is near of the Mekong river at the east side of  the Sambo commune, Sambo district, Kratie province.the pagoda was built on the ruins of place " Sakmakas Gopuras" generation of Chenla. cathedral last generation first called " Pres vihea thom" because in the temple have statues one of largest in the territory in Kratie province whole. according to the tales handed down in district that god legged god statues has a length of about 3 meters and turned his face looking to the stupas Vakras Peak princess that located in the north straight cathedral.

The column 100 pagoda was built by the handiwork of king Angchan Reachea 2 ( AD 1806 to 1839 )which he has called the ordered built to dedicated let arm cathedral help souls's Vakrak Peak that is only his daughter. 100 column pagoda period in Angchan Reachea 2 length 30 mm * 10 mm capacity of 100 pillars placed on a platform that more then 1  meter  tall building is oriented to the north.

Some matures was told that simultaneously enormous temple before 100 pillars, each pit vertical spread are deposited by 100 virgin girls, before this column up his royal rituals called " sacrifice "dedicated to the owner of the land there. this ceremony they was toked the young virgin 100 lawmakers jewrlry neatly wearing beads their hands, ankle and sit facing towards the pit 100 by close the mouth of the pit of your hands up more unite shrine at executioner 100 killers standing behind hand hold the sharp vigilance to listen signal forces victory that group, they all carefully remember listening to those mark carefully to hear the signal management loud every three times executioner cut the heads of her and pushed through into the pit of columns 100 in order to provide them in the care of the pillars 100 each person as an immortal.

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KHOS KER TEMPLE OF CAMBODAI

KHOS KER TEMPLE 

The Khos Ker site is dominated  by Prasat Thom. it has a 30 mater tall temple mountain raising high above the plain and the surrounding forest.Great view await the visitorat the end of an adventurous climb.Garuda carved into the stone blocks,still guard the very top,although they are partially covered now.across the site of Khos Ker there are many Prasat or tower sanctuaries.a couple still feature an enormous Linga  and Uni that provides space for several people.the outlet for the water that was sanctified by running it over the Linga can be seen in the outside wall of one of them.In the other cases,three Prasa stand next to each other,dedicated to Brama,Shiva and Vishnu.most of them are surrounded by libraries and enclosures,many also had moats.at that time,the roofs were still made of wood.

The site is  still 3 hours away from Siem Reap province.the area has been demined only recently and basic visitor facilities are just being built.This makes Khos ker very attractive for anyone would like to experience lonely temple partially overgrown by the forest and inhabited only by birds,calling to each other from the trees above. Khos ke is not the easiest temple to get to as involves an early start and along journey to get there from anywhere.The site is about 100km north of Siem Reap and the road.There are no publish transport or tourist facilities,other then makeshift table near the police camp at the entrance to Prasat Thom.  

The Khos ker is an Ankorian site in northern in cambodia .and it has 100km northeast of Ankor itself,it was briefly the capital of khmer empire between 938 and 944 under king Jayavarman IV and his son Hasanvarman II.after the khmer empire had been established in Ankor area ,Jayavarman IV was moved the capital in 928 almost 100km northeast to Khos ker. here are was vast number of temple were built under this reign,until his successor returned to Ankor area about twenty year later.

the Koh ker temple site is dominated by Prasat Thom, a 30 meters tall temple mountain raising high above the plain and the surrounding forest. great views await the visitors at the end of an adventurous climb. Garudo,carved into the stone blocks, still covered now. Across the site of Koh Ke temple there are many Prasat or tower sanctuaries. a couple still feature and enormous linga on a yoni that provides space for several people. the outlet for the water that was sanctified by running it over the linga can be seen in the uotside wall of one of them. in other cases,three prasat stand next to each other, deicated to Brahma, Shiva and Vishnu. most of them are surrounded by libraries and encloseure, many also had maots. at that time, the roofs were still made of wood.today only holes for the beams remain in the stone structures.
the site is still 3 hoursa way from Siem reap. the area has been demined only recntly and basic visitors facilities are just being built. this makes koh ker very attractive for any one who would like to experience lonely temple partially overgrown by forest and inhabited only by birds,calling to each other from the trees above.koh ker temple is not easiest temple to get to as involves an early start  and a long journey to get there from anywhere.the site is about 100km north of Siem Reap province and the raod ,repaired in 2004 , is in decent condition (by cambodian standards). there are no public transport or tourist facilities,other than makeshift tables near the police canp at the entrance to Prasat Thom.

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BAYON TEMPLE OF KHMER

BAYON TEMPLE

I LOVE BAYON TEMPLE SO MUCH

The Bayon temple was built by the King Jayavarman VII  in the late 12th and early 13th .the Bayon stands at the center of Jayavarman 's capital.it was modified by later Hindo and Theravanda Buddhist kink in accordance with their own religious preferences.

The Bayon was the last state temple to be built at Ankor, and the only Ankorian state temple to be built primarily as a Mayana Buddhist shrine dedicated  to the Buddha,though a great number of miner and local deities were also encompassed as representatives of the various  districts and cities of the realm.

The Bayon's most distinctive feature is the multitude of serene and massive stone faces on the many towers  which just out  from the upper terrace and cluster around its central peak.the temple is known also for two impressive sets of bas-reliefs ,which present an unusual combination of mythological,historical,and mundane.

Since the time Jayavarman VII,the Bayon has suffered numerous addition and alteration at the hands of subsequent monarchs.During the reign Jayavarman VII in the mid-13th century,the khmer empire reverted to Hinddusm and its state temple was altered accordingly.in later centuries,Thervada Buddhism became the dominant religion,leading to still further changes,to the jungle.current features which were not part of original plan include the terrace to the east of temple.

The Bayon temple was built to dedicated Bodhisatta Lokeshvarak that has four faces evidence in the Mahayana Buddhist doctrine. in 1933, Mr Jean Truve   3rd conservation of Ankor in Siem Reap during the 1931 excavation center central temple (big) depth of 14 meters to the ground level plain of the teple land from abroad to study Kenny textiles in Buddha found a broken and has height 3 meters and 60 mm and it is permanently fixed and was gave to the King Sisowath Monivong on 17 may 1935.and was put them in the teple seven apartments along the road to the gate at the south airport that behind the road of Prasat Suor securities.

The temples was built to dedicated the Buddha, they called Peeahputhchey or Puth Marha Neat, its means that simultaneously Buddhist king Jayavrman 7 represents. Overall, the big 4 faces that is located on the top of the temple in the central tower or towers from worship Buddhists Neat is really representing to Lokeshvarak. he is smiles of charm oriented findings  seem to want to wait for hospitality as well as smile beauty are happy to appreciate how marvelous the genius of the architect and of our ancestors,as well.

In the firstof the 20th century,the Ecole Francaise d'Extreme Orient took the loud in the conservation of the temple,restoring it in accordance with technique of anastylosis. since 1995 the Japan government team for the safeguarding of Ankor(the JSA) has been the main conservatory body,and has held annualsymposia.

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PREAH VIHEA TEMPE OF CAMBODIA

PREAH VIHEA TEMPLE

The Preah vihea temple affording a view for many kilometers across a plain,Preah vihea temple the most spectacular setting of all the temple built during the six-centuries-long khmer empire.as a key edifice of the empire's spiritual life,it was supported and modified by successive kinks and so bears element of several architectural style.
The Preah vihea temple give its name to cambodai's Preah vihea province ,in which it is now located,as well as Khao Phra  Wihan national park which border it in Thailand's Sisaket province and through which the temple is most easily accessible,and on july ,2008,Preah vihea temple was listed as UNESCO world Heritage Site.
Construction of the first temple on the site  began in the early  9th century ,both then and in Hindu god Shiva in his manifestation as the mountain gods Sikharesvara Bhadresvara.

The earliest surviving part of the temple,however,date from Koh Ker temple period in the early 10th century,when the empire's capital was at the city of the name.
The temple complex run 800 mater  along a north-south axis facing the plains  to the north,from which it is now cut off by the international border.
In consists essentially  of causeway and steps rising up the hill towards the sanctuary ,which sits on the  clifftop  at the southern end of the complex 120 mater  above the northern end of the complex 525 mater  above the cambodian plain and 625 mater above sea  level.
Although this structure is very different  from the temple mountains found at Ankor ,it serves the same purpose as a styles representation of Mount Meru,the home of the gods.

               WHY THE PREAH VHEA TEMPLE HAS THE STAIR IN THAILAND TODAY?

Mr, Sok Khin, he is a professor  teacher of history. currently he teached the history of Khmer, Thai, Loas, and Myanmar at the national institute E-nalko in Paris of France, he was said that, when the khmer king start construction Vihea temple in Preah Vihea provinceof the land of the kingdom of cambodia in the ansient era that is not there Siam or Thailand come from located in thailand today yet.
especially, in the session of old,the cambodia has the lands very larges and in the western extending from preah vihea province pass the thailand today and next to the myanmar. the northern, part is strecth, including today's city of Chiang Mai province of thailand.the siam or thailand until the end of the 13th century have just come down. so the khmer peoples was built the castle on the hill temple,this is the land of khmer.khmer want to do, having turned to the only place where they follow the location of the mountain.

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AK YOM TEMPLE OF CAMBODIA

AK YUM TEMPLE

Ak Yom temple is located in the south of western Baray, approximately  as kilometre before the western end .

Ak Yum temple is the earliest known temple mountain architectural design. inscriptions indicate that a temple dedicated to the Hindu.it it located in the southern of western Baray. Ak Yum is regarded as a oldest Ankor ruin in the area. During the construction of the west Baray,which is located immediately to the north of it,part of Ak Yum was built over.it is not certain which khmer king was built this monument.Ak Yum were re-used during the reign of Jayavarman I.similarly,the ruins as visible today was built over the original structure..

This temple,a little to way of the major monuments of Ankor is not of great interest for a tourist,but is archaeologically very important. inscription indicate the first construction to this temple in 609,which makes of him the oldest pre-Ankorian vesting found at  this that. it was located on the road first Ankor and was partially buried during the construction of Phnom Bakheng,

This temple is also the first prototype of mountain temple,concept largely included thereafter in the various Ankorian construction. because of its stranding, the release of Ak Yum was considerable work,it was even necessary to dynamite part of dam to discover it completely .

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A HISTORY OF DEMOCRATIC KAMPUCHEA ( 1975-1979 )

KHMER ROUGE

 1. THE EARLY COMMUNIST MOVEMENT  
The cambodian communist movement emerged from the against French colonization in 1940s .in April 1950, during the first indochina war2,delegat assembled in Khom Pot province and formed the communist-led Unified Issarak  front, nkown as the khmer Issarak. This group  cooperated with Vietnam in struggling against the French.
The front was led by Son Ngoc Minh (A-char Mien) he was a lay official at Unnalaom pagoda.was the front's deputy and Sieu Heng was its secretary.Almost all of the front members were Cambodians who spoke Vietnamese. some of the became members of Indochinese communist Party (icp), which was created in Vietnam Most of the front new members were peasants drawn to the revolutionary cause.
some of these students would later become leaders of the communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK) The included Saloth Sar (Pol Pot), Son sen, Khieu Samphan and Leng Sary. These man saw peasant and poor people throughout the world as enslaved and repressed by capitalism and feudalism. they throught a Marxist-Leninist revolution was the only way Cambodia could attain independence and social equality.

2.THE CREATION OF THE KHMER PEOPLE'S REVOLUTIONARY PARTY(KPRP)
In 1951,as fighting against and French intensified in Indochina,the vietnamese communist guided formation of khmer poeple's revolutionary party. The members of its secret Central Committee were:

        . Son Ngoc Minh held the top position
        . Sieu Heng was in charge of military affairs 
        . Tou Samouth (also known as A-char Sok,a former buddhist  monk from Kampuchea              Krom ) took charge of ideological training.
        .Chan Samay was in charge of economic matters.

When the first Indochina war ended in 1954,French forces withdrew from Indochina and Viet Minh combatants withdrew from cambodia.However some Vietnamese military personnel and advisors remained in cambodia. Concerned about the revolution's security when the political system changed,Sieu Heng,Chan Samay and over a thousand KPRP cadres and activists fled to Vietnam,where they joined Son Mgoc Minh and other who had gone there earlier.
Sieu Heng soon returned to cambodia accompanied by Nuon Chea (a members of the IPC who had been trained in Thailand and Vietnam) and other senior cadres. With the party's leader Son Ngoc Minh in Hanoi,the KPRP was run by temporary Central committee.Sieu Heng was secretary and Tou Samouth was his deputy. Noun chea ranked number three and So phim (who become chief of the east Zone during democratic Kampuchea)was the fourth member.The management of the party was in the hands of Vietnamese cadre,Phan Vn Ba,who live in cambodia and claimed that Vietnam should continue to control cambombodia communist movement.

Tou Samout took charge of the organization's activities in Urban areas,assisted by Noun Chea and Salot Sar,who had recently returned from studying in France.the communist in Phnom Penh used Pol Pot as their link to establish a legal party called the people's party this party contested the 1955 national election promised by the Geneva Agreement .it was chaired by Keo Meas, protege of Tou Samouth.

Pol Pot helped to formulate the party statutes and political program. he also made connection with the  democrat party,which would compete with prince Sihaknouk's newly established Sangkum Reastr Niyum (the people's socialist community party)in the 1955 election.PolPot believed that the democratic,who had anti-feu dalist and ant-capitalist tendencies ,would win election and give the communist some political influence.

However,Pol Pot miscalculated badly. the Sangkum Reastr Niyum won all the seats in the national Assembly,while the people's party won only 3%.Sieu Heng soon came to believes that the communist cause in cambodia was hopeless,for early everyone strongly supported by prince Sihaknouk's political program rather then idea of revolution.moreover,some Issrak's movement gave up their resistance and joined with prince Sihaknouk's government.

In 1956,Sieu Heng secretly contacted the prince's Army Chief of staff Lon Nol,who offered him guarantees of safety. In 1959, Sieu Heng defected to the Sihaknouk's government, enabling authorities to pinpoint and arrest many clandestine KPRP cadres.According to Pol  Pot,from 1955 to 1959,about 90% of the KPRP's members were arrested and kill. by the beginning of 1996,only about 800 cadres remained active and only 2 rural party branches were still functioning fully.

         .The east zone with its base in Kamphong cham province (led by So Phim)
         .The southwest zone its base in Takao province (chaired by Chhit Choeun alias Ta                 Mok).

Tou Samoth and Noun Chea continued to run the party activities in Phnom Penh,with assistance from Leng Sary and Son Sen,two other intellectuals educated in France.

3.THE WORKERS' PARTY OF KAMPUCHEA(WPK)

The secret KPRK congress was held on the grounds of Phnom penh railroad station on september 28-30,1960.it was attended by seven members from the organization's urban branches and fourteen from its rural branches.the congress reorganized the party,set up a new political line,and changed its name to the worker's party of Kampuchea (wpk). Tou Samout became its secretary and Noun Chea its deputy secretary .Pol Pot ranked number three at the time.and became second deputy secretary in 1961.

After Tou Samouth disappeared in 1962,the party held an emergency congress in february 1963. it elected Pol Pot as secretary .Noun Chea,who had a higher position in the party,was not chosen as secretary because he was related by marriage to the defector Sieu Heng , Noun Chea , moreover,was loyal communist who wanted the WPK to be strong,so he don't completed with Pol Pot for the position.He remained deputy secretary and a powerful figure in the communist movement for over thirty years.

Soon after being named party secretary , Pol Pot took refuge at a Vietnamese military base in northeast part of the country call  "Office 100".In 1965,He walked up the Ho Chi Minh Trail to Hanoi for talks with the north Vietnamese,he also visited  China and North Korea. Pol Pot was treated more cordially in China then in Vietnam and resented the idea that his party had to continue to be subservient to Vietnam.

4.THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF KAMPUCHEA ( CPK )

In septeber 1966, after coming home,Pol Pot changed the party's name to the communist party of Kampuchea (CPK) because he wanted to lessen Vietnamese influence and strengthen relation with china.the central committee at this time consisted of Pol Pot.Noun Chea ,Leng Sary ,Vorn Vet (a former teacher at Chorouen Vichea high school in Phnom penh) and Son Sen.

during the late 1960s,the CPK (whom prince Sihanouk had dubbed the khmer Rouge) gained more new members ,many of them lived along the Vietnamese border in remote areas out of the each of the prince's armed forces,the party headquarters from 1966 to 1970 was in Ratanakiri province.

In march 1970 marshal LonNol and his pro-american associates staged a succesful coup to depose prince Sihanouk as head of state.soon after the Viet Minh and khmer Rouge gained control over much of the country.Ten of thousand of people refused to support the American backed government -Lon Nol's khmer republic and joined the khmer Rouge to help restore  prince Sihanouk to power. at this time prince Sihanouk went in to exile in china.with the encouragement and support of china, north Vietnam and the CPK he formed a national United front Kampuchea and a government in exile called the Royal Government of the national Union of Kampuchea.members of CPK were member of this government.

these development created opportunities for the khmer Rouge.North Vietnam and china supported them,and princes Sihanouk appealed to the Cambodian people to run into marquis (forest) to help overthrow the Lon Nol government and the heavy bombing of communist supply lines and base khmer republic government ,assistance from the US, created more support for the khmer Rouge ,who armed forces were increasing in number.

Vietnamese communist forces moved deep into cambodia in 1970 and work with the khmer Rouge to recrut and train soldiers for insurgent army,which grew from about 3000 soldiers in 1970 to over 400000 in 1973.the vietnamese withdrew from cambodia and turned the major responsibilities for the war over to the CPK,Although several thousand vietnamese remained behind as technical advisors .

from january to August 1973, the khmer republic government, with assistance from US, dropped about half a million tone of bombs on cambodia.which may have kill as 300000 peoples.bombing postponed  the khmer Rouge victory ,while many who resented the bombings or had lost family members joined their revolution.

Khmer Rouge soldiers were more active and diciplined then those of the khmer republic government,and they were able to withstand shortages of food and medicine.Moreover, some " Khmer-Hanoi" returned to cambodia to assist the khmer Rouge these man and woman were given junior position through the country ,but by 1973 after most of the vietnamese advisore had returned home,they were secretly assassinated under order from the CPK leadership,who wanted the party to be free of vietnamese influence.
by early 1973 about 85% of cambodian territory was in the hand of the khmer Rouge, and the Lon Nol army was almost unable to go on the offensive .However,with US assistance.it was able to continue fighting the khmer Rouge for two more years.

* THE LON NOL'S ARMY WITH KHMER ROUGE 

In Jannuary  1975  , The khmer Rouge who have occupied the region of Ankor since 1971  are beginning their war march toward Phnom Penh the capital of cambodia. 
In February 1975 the victory of the Khmer Rouges in  the Khom Pong Thom province and Khom Pong Cham province,between the road of Siem Reap-Ankor to Phnom Penh. 
Khiev Samphan, vice- prime minister and minister de la defence  national Khmer Rouge. 
In march 1975 , the Khmer Rouges have other victories. The river connection between Phnom Penh and south Vietnam has been cut off. The ships sailing under the Khmer Republic's or its allies flags have been sunken and burned.

The first  week of  April 1975 , Armies of Khmer Rouge, including women fighting in their ranks , are progressing irresistibly toward Phnom Penh. The leaders of Pol Pot's Saloth Sar , Keiv Samphon , and Noun Chea, are control to fighting.A khmer rouge surgical operation in the middle of the countryside,with khmer rouge Doctor Thiounn Thieunn not far from Phnom Penh.The manoeuvres of khmer rouge leaders Pol Pot,

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